Lubricating system.



6. B. mmm;

LUBRICATING SYSTEM. l grrucmou mg SEPLIB.- 1915. A n 1,286,345. .Patented Dee. 3,1918.

- Inventor CnARurs BKmKHAM CHARLES B. KIRKHM) GF orrieri ASSIGJGR. BY MESNE SSXGNMEETS,

regenen A To all whom i may rom/m Be it known that i., CHARLES i3. Konsum, a citizen oi the Unit-eil Staies, residing at Buffalo, inthe county of Erie and State of 'LUBRC A'EXNG SYTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

New Yorin have inventer-l Certain uen' and useful improvements: in Lubricating byst-enis, of which the following is tion.

My present invention relates new and nseinl improvements in lubricating a specificabroatlly to Systems for internal Combustionengines and has particular reference to `an improved Signed for use in Connection witl plants oif aircraft..

One or the principal difficulties which .it

vforce eefleysteni which is especially fle- 1 tne power heretofore been sought to overcome in lubricating Systems for the power plants of aeroplanes is the insuring of a Constant sup ply of lubricant Jfrom Elie main reservoir to the force pump.

In this connection it will be appreeiatecl that the lubricant Within the innin reservoir et, 'the bottoni o'r` 1- tne engine crank easing eoninnally shifting, [lue of course to the changes in the inclination of the engine bed to the horizontal as when the craft is ascending or descending.

It. is therefore one of the principal objects of the presenty invention io proff eating system in which means are provided ide a lubrito insure a vConstant supply of lubricant to the t'eed pump regardless of the inclination of the engine bed to the horizont-al. A eorrelatefl obgeot' of the inv provide a means whereby tne oil ention 'iS to eoiiinefl to the reservoir Cannot, under anyY eireuin` staneeeT drain to :i point remote from the pump; thereby accordingly insuring an et'- eetual illietribntion .of the lubricant viwthepump to the machine parte without regard tothe angle ot" inclination oi' such parte.

Another and 'important obieet of the 1nvention is to provide a 'feed pump u'hirh relatii-'ely simple in construction and may therefore be cheaply manuifaetu rml. 'mul is Aeo Lleeigned that it may he onu-lily mounted' in the crank Casing or ren'iovecl Vtherefrom as a unit and without.- requiring tir tions or' the crank easing itself o parte or the' engine removed.

Still further object is to so pump that the lubricant nt'ier desi In the 'passing the Circuit oi' lubricated nuuhme garts will be liagramniatieally illiietratetl the path of the .Parenteel Dee. 3, i918.

lpplicatien lerl September l, 2.515. Serial No. 51,481.

discharged lireetly into the main reservoir and then drawn from the reservoir after haiing been irst filtered by a screening element and ,returneel'along the Jfeed line to the starting point, of the lubricated cir-enit,

The above and other incidental objects of a 4similar nature which will be hereinafter 6i) more. specifically treated, are accomplished by such means as are illustrated in the aeconipanjf'ing drawings, described ii'. ne following speoiiieation and then more partie lar-ly pointed out in the claims which are S5 appended hereto and form a. part of this ap pheation. v

- lilith reference to the drawings wherein there liae been illutrated the preferred ernbodiment of the invention as it is reduced to practice, anti throughout the several Views of which similar reference numerals desig 'nate Corresponding parte;

Figure l a diagrammatic View illustrating' the general system of lubrication em- 75 bodied in the present. invention;

Fig. ie a view partly in sie elevation sind parti) in longitudinal section of an internal eonibnstion engine equipped with the present lubricating system; EQ

Fig. :lis a detail View of the preferred form of pump employed;

.lili-nj. i a top plan view of the pump;

l ig. 5 is n Composite View partly in eleva. tion in the plane at right angles to the plane of Figi". and partly in Vertical seet-ion;

Fig. 6 is a sectionl on the line i-tl Fig.

3. and

T is a (ie-tail bottoni.

Before takin"T .un the detail description of inf; invention l desire 'to-explain that u'hile. the system and apparente associated therewith has heen illustrated in the aecompunying ".'aningb-y in connection withl` an 95- eieht r'i'limler 'four cycle engine, 'it Vmav mw'ertlieless he" as reiuiii),w andes eiieientli' applied yto an)v other type of internal Conihustion engine without departing in any way from the spirit or scope of the inren'- 100 tioirnnil' without4 requiring that :inv e0nseouenial modification be meule. l

ln .leeerihing; the invention :is einhoflietl in the :iet-onipanying lia\-fiiig reference is non' haul partieulznlyeto Fig. i wherein is 105 section of the @rank ease below the plane i 10 and is connected therewithl by means of the i vided with lubricant. through the lubricated parts of the engine: the main supply reservoir tor the lubricant.; the pump whereby the lubricant is fed from the supply reservoir to the lubricated parts; tlicdrip pan upon whiclrtalls the lubricant',escaping from the bearings;

and the conduits' which connecteach terminal ofthe drip pan with thepu'mp.

The engine generally designated asan-cn- .sety by the letter A is provided with the usual cani shaft B and crank shaft C which members are journalcd in suitable bearings designated D and are housed in the crank cas-inel indicated at E. The cam and crank shafts li and C are provided throughout tlicir entire length with oil ducts or bores, as best illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, the lubricant beings;l supplied to the duets of the crank sliat't by means of ducts or conduits F which extend through the stationary bcarsloping portions 12. These sloping 'walls 12 converge shown in' Figs. 1 and 2, toward the center of the bottom wall so that the lubricant normally tends to collect in the center of the reservoir at which point the pump P Ais mounted.

lilounted above the bottom of the wall 1l) of the crank case and in approximate, par@ alle] relation to the fiat central portion 11 thereof is a drip pan 13 which member is preferably formed of sheetmet; -and is suitably supported at its terminals or marginal portions by .shoulders 14 or .equivalent elements as will be more readily noted upon ret'crence to Fig'. 1. The pan 13 is dispostal to receive the lubricant as it escapes from the cain'and crank shafts. 1ty is necessary that' this lubricant falling uponthe.

pan be returnedhto the'niain reservoir and toi' this reason the pump .P is connected to each 'terminal of the pendent( conduits indicated atl 15 and 16.

"The conduit l5 leads into a small collecting the lubricant llows chamber yl'i into which 1l'romthe'terminal beariiie's of the cani and crank shafts andl *from the adiacent end of the pan through the bores or ducts 1S formed in the'partition l5). "The conduit lthfliow'- ein-r. leads directly 'to the 4pan 13 and opens through the upper face thereof as indicated "roml the description thus far given it pan by means of indeplo yed.

now becomes apparent-that the pump may vact to continuously return the lubricant,

both'terininalsof the pan by means of inde` 'pendent conduits. A

VIn yorder to equally distribute the lubricant between the ends of the drip pan when the engine is in a normal horizontal position, I have provided a draining Vshed :21 which is formed by stamping up the central portion of the drip pan as in Figs. 1 and 2.

rThe lubricant in being returned to the reservoir R from the drip pan drawn through lthc conduits 1,5 and 16 and is discharged over'the upper end of the pump and into the reservoir as indicated in Fig. 1. The feed side of the pump l is connected to the camshaft by means of a conduit indicated at The lubricant which is forced through this conduit by the feeding gears of the pump is drawn from the main reservoir, but is first cleaned of all foreign matter by a screen 23. This Screen 23 completely houses the pump the pump must first pass through the screen.. The lubricant which is returned to the reser- Voir from the drip pan does not pass through the screen before entering the reservoir, however, since it is discharged over the top of the pump and over the outside ofthe screen. The general features of my iniproved lubricating system will now be fully appreciated. Obviously the lubricant contained in the reservoir R will, after having been cleaned of foreign matter by the screen bestarted on its path through the con- Y duit '22 by means of the feedingr side of the pump.r The lubricant passes from the conduit 22 into the cani shaft 15 from which it passes throughthe ducts F into the crank shaft C. l`he'hii'iflcant `escapes from the crank shaft C through ducts 24 into-the connecting rod caps whence it passes up through the. connecting rods by means of ducts 26 and into the pistons as at 27. The circulation of the lubricant is of course effected by virtue of the constant pressure maintained in t-lie lubricated circuit by means of the pump. Y l

icant of course'constantly escapes from the several bearings and falls upon the' drip pan.

From the drip pan the lubricantis returned to the main reservoir 1t by the .pump 'through-.the vmedium of conduits l `and 16, as previously explained.

rFlic principal features of the lubricating' system itself beingthus disclosed,reference will now bc had particularly to Figs. 3, l

and Q in describing the details ofcoiistruction of the preferred forni of piiinp eniand it is therefore apparent v that the lubricant entering the feed side of masses vThe body structure of the pump includes a base casting 29; a vertically disposed web 30.-

which'is cross-shaped in cross section, and

a circular head plate. S1 which carried ed in what Will hereinafter he termed .a rey turn chamber 32, and the second mentioned asetof gears is mounted in achan'iber 33 .which will hereinafter be referred to as the feed chamber 'of the pump. f The base casting r9'is ooredvout as indicated' at 34k in order,

. that the pump may be as light as possible.

I The bottoms of the chambers 32 and 33 arelopen so that the gears may be inserted or i removed during the assembling of the pump or when repairs are to be made. The base plate indicated at35 isi-provided, however,Y to normally seai the bottoms of the chambers 32 and This base platealso serves as a means for attaching the pump to the .30bottom 'Nall il of the crank case, and is provide-l with screw or bolt receiving apertures indicated at 35?, for reception of .tastening elements to secure the pump to'the crank case. Thus, asl will be hereinafter 35 more fullyexplained. the pump may be quickly removed from the .crank case or. ap-V plied thereto as a unit by the mere removal or insertion of the bolts Vor screws of the .base plate 35.

The conduits indicated at 36 and 3T lead into the return chamber 32 at diagonally opposite points as indicated at 38 and 39. The conduits 15 and 16 respectively lead ,into these two conduits 3G and 3TI baiway of the boss 36a illustrated in F110. 7 asformed A' Iintegrally with the rim of the opening proy vided in th'e crank casing bottom 1l to inclose the pump. y This boss receives the ends of theconduits- 15 andlG, and serves to establish communicationy therebetween and the conduits 36 and 37 in such vmanner as to 'interfere in no way with the detachability .of the pump. Conduits indicated at 40 and 4l lead from the return chamber 32 to the head plate 3l as in Figs. 3 and Li. It is throughthese two last mentioned conduits that thevlubricant' is discharged overthe top.

of the head plate and down the'outside of the screen 23 and into the reservoir R. The conduitindicatedat .l2 leads from the feed 4chamber 33 tothe conduit 22, and the intake. opening indicated at 43 is formed in the top -i-ol' the 'intake chamber 33 to admit the lubricant which liltered through the screenv 23utothe feed chamber.

4a. ia, and 5o.

l/Vithin the return-chamber 32 are mounted on shafts 46 and i7 three spur gears These three shafts are ar ranged at( rthe corners of an imaginary isosceles triangle.- the shaft 46 being located at the apex of such triangle. These Spui' gears mesh with the close fit 'that Ais requisite in spur gear .lubricating pumps. The shaft ill extends upwardly through bearings 51 formed on the cross web 3() as in Fig. The upper end of 'this shaft carries a worin gear 52. It will be seen uponreference to Fig. (i that rotation of the shaft i6 will be transmitted through the gear i9 to the idler' gears 50 and 18. The shafts of gears 50 and .48 are journaled in hearings' and-5i respec; tively. which are formed as integral parts ot' the base casting.

Vithin the feed chamber 3Q is'disposed the meshing spur gears and 56 which are keyed upon shafts 5T and 58 respectively. The shaftl 57 is journaled in a bearing 5S) which is formed in an integral part in the base casting. while the shaft 5S extends. upvwardly through bearings (30 and through the head plate '3l'. 'Upon the upper terminal of this shaft is keyed a Worm gear (il.

Attention is now directedv to the fact that the gears 52 and (il are both meshed with' a common actuating worm 62 which member is keyed'upon'an axle'l liournaled in bearings (il formed upon the head plate. rl`he rotation of the shaft 63 will of course be transmitted by means of the Worm G2 to the worms 52 and Gl. Thus the two shafts 46 and 5,8 are actuated from a common 1driving element. In actuating the ishaftlr. I provide the jack shaft 65 which extends longitudinally through the crank casing and below the drip pan, as-fully disclosed in Fig. 2,. and is journaled in the partition wall 19 and the end wall oi" the crank casing. A gear G6 keyed .upon the shaft G5 and a gear (3T keyed upon'an axle 68 are employed in transmitting the rotation of the crank shaft to the shaft 35.

A coupling (39 which may be of any suit able type is employed in connecting the shafts 65 and G3. This coupling is preferably carried by the shaft (33 so that it may be removed with the pump in caserepairs are necessary.

The actual construction and arrangement of the several parts of the pump being thus disclosed, it now remains to -describe the mannerin which these severa-l parts (fo-act to draw the lubricant from the drip. pan; through the conduits l5 and'lG and to'discharge it into the reservoir R. and to furtherexplain the manner in which the lubricant is drawn from the reservoir and is fed under pressure through the-conduit to the ln this connection referias 26 the crank case 45 )ass into ilu conduit 50 attention as to what are the medium of gear 49; cause the gears 47 l the conduits 1.6 and 37 and into the chamber .32 by the gears49 and 47. The lubricant drawn into the return chamber through these independent conduits will be forced' out through the conduits 40 and 41 by the gears 4B and 49, 'and 49 and 47. Thus the return side of the pump is so designed that one set of gears is arranged in a novel manner lto cause a simultaneous flow of lubricant from both ends of-the drip pan into .the return chamber of the pump and to force this supply of lubricant back into the main res# ervoir R through the conduits 40 and ll.

As indicated at 70 an annular trough or chamber is formed in the bottom wall of around the base casting of the pump. The trough is provided so that the sediment filtered `b v the screen 23 will Icollect upon the base casting Thus when .the pump is removed from the reservoir' the sediment which has been collected in the reservoir' will bc simultaneouslyv removed.

At the same time the shaft- 56A will be.

rotating in response to the rotation of the worm (if which member drives 'both the S5 'worms (il and 62 as has been previously explained. The rotation of the shaft 5S causes the rotation of the. meshing gears 55 and 56 which` (assuming they are rotating in the v direction indicated b v arrows inflii'g. 6) will 40 draw the lubricant troni the main reservoir into the chamber jl-5 by wa)- ot thc opening 43. The lulz-ricant drawn into the chamber 33 will be forced by the-gears EI and Titi through the conditi" 42, from which it will and thereby .re-

Hffl to the' n l ict'ore descr ibed.

lin concluding the descriptior otnijf cnt "invention l desire non.' to briefly direct some ot' its particl l t L ularljv lnovel leinurca. shapcdtlnit the lu"v ant. reservoir,l which ,its bottom wall defines. induce:l a collection ot' the inbrxsant.,around.. thc pump at all `ti1:1es,"t'lii|s inf-:innig 'a constant supply of lubricant to the Jfried side ot' the pump .vithrd to inclination etthe engine bed. 'llupump contain a duplex sel ot'gears lor .ainmltancousli' draring the h'ibricant" 50 troni both emlspt;y thc drip pan and discharging it balcl's into the' main reservoir, and

a single 'set' llwg ars for supplying the luv s bricant from thi. "reseiitoir ambfeeding it under presso i lubricating' circuit,

' 1 The puni into the lubricated circuit.

ricacd circuit of parts hcre- The crank? case is so vhable v which communicate with the drip pan at oppositeends or ortions thereof.

In inclosing tlie lubricantl reservoir in the manner stated, it is quite evidentthat the lubricant contained Vtherein cannot'` under any circumstances; drain wholly without. the reach of the pumpto render operation thereof inelectual inI feeding oil to the niachino parts. i

The pump is so designed that but a single set of gears is required to maintain forced flow of the lubricant through the conduits which connect the pufip with the drip pan. vThe lubricant is, after being passed through the lubricated circuit of parts and returnedl to the main reservoir, filtered by a screening,T element prior to being again fed lVhat I claimv is: v .7.

l. ln a force feed lubricating systeinfor a circuit` of machine parts, afcrank casing t'ormed with a depressed bottom and sloping side Walls to dciine a lubricant reservoir, a plural pump structurearranged withintsaid reservoir, a means to supplythe lubricant pump without irst commingling the drained lubricant with the lubricant in said reservoir. and means connecting blv iinlcpendent paths saidpunip structure with said circuit` n. ln a force t'eed lubricating' system for a -sircuiL of machine parts. a main lubricant reservoir.' a drip pan arranged above said resta-coin a plural pump structure located in 'said reservoir. conduits connecting said pump structure with said circuit. and conduits' connecting` tlie'drip pan and the pump struc,..( conductlhe oildraining from the machine parts to said pump.structure without coiznningling the drained oil with the oil contained in said reservoir` i 3. In a torce-feed lubricating systemit'or a-cil'cuit of machine partsya lubricant reservoir, a .collecting chamber, a drip pan, a plural pump structure,` a conduit connecting the pump with one end of said circuit. and iinlependent conduits conncating` said pump with opposed portions ot said pan. 4. ln a lmce-tced lubricating system for a circuit ot' machine parts. a main lubricant reservoiigfa drip pan arranged. above the reservoir and formed with a central `shed to Adrain toward opposed pan terminals. a plul ral pump structure located ,within thefrcserdraining from the lnachine'parts to the enti in communication Wim said ranged below Said parte, e piurai Structure locaeci Within ne reservoir, means' masses connecting the pump structure with said machine circuit, and indepemient ineens respectireiy connecting the pump str'ucreure 'with said par. ami said chamber i0 convey in ie- ,ne-ci patins che oii draining from iie imi- Ciiizie parte onc d e pan. I

(3. in a force reed lubricatingsystem iter a circuit ei machine parts, a iufericzui, reservoir, 'acoiiecting chamber servingA as ene ierminai for said circuit, a drip 'pan arrangefl -beicw seid machine parts and haring one enamcer, a Blur-ai structure iocateci within fgne reservoir, a conduit cnnneeiiig saici pump eirucure with said circuit, ami inciependent conduits coimec'ing seid pump structure re-. speccireiy with said chamber and u'iiii the.

,premete erzninai 0i' said pan.

'i'. in a fierce-feed hibricating system for a circuit o machine parts, a lubricant reserveir, e,- pnmp mounteci Within the reser- Voirf said pump'iiasing a ret-ern chamber formed therein, and cenuis from said circaitenrering said reurn chamber en oppeste sides 'thereof'.

S. in a' force-feed iu'bricaiing system fer a circuit of machine parts, e main lubricant reservoir, a prune located within the 'reservoir, means operable within the pump to receive iubricenr` reurned irene the circuit anci to conve); it exterieriy of -rne pump, ami a screen element indexing the pump.

9, .in a orceecfi iubricating system for ia circuit ci machine parts, a main lubricant reservoir, a pump incaied within the reservoir, means opera-iik; wihin the pump i0 draw iubricant the reservoir to convey it to saidv circuit.i ancia screen inciosing the pump and in the igiitii the iuiiiican drawn thereini'e. I

if). in a force ieeri iuiri wing system for a circuit ef iaciine par a iubrican reservoir, a piura pump strucure lecatefifwithiii the reserieir and having; :i return cham` ber ami a 'eeiing: chamber formed therein, independent enduit-s ieaiiinfz from the res erveir ce "rire i i, end a conduit ieaiiii chamber' io che ii, icm-ing sysemi fer a circhi '.9 a mein lubricant reservoir rai pnmp structure located e freir and having a rerum er e feeding chamber turn chamber r'oursaid j 'ciutanffi leading therefrom inte salici iii-serien,- Aand 'conduits entering said feeding chamber, from said reservoir and eeding herefrom to said circuit. l i

12. in a force-fece: 1uliricaiing system for a circuit 0i machine parts` a mainiubricant reservoir. a: drip pan serving as 'onejerminaif: r said circuit` a pumpieceed within' ifhe reservoir and having a return chamber prcvided therein, cenduits ieading from the pen tc the chzu'nber, ami` conduits leading from the chamber iuio the'reservoir.v

i3, in a. ercefeed lubricating system for a circuii er" machine paris, a 11min 1Lubricant leser-:cir a piurai pump siruciure iocatefi Within 'rire reservoir and havinga first chamber formed {Eier-ein e receive lubricant te be returned to4 the reservcirend a Second chamber formed therein te receive iuericant from the-reserveir i'cr translation to said circuit, andv a screen housing inciosingthe pump te separate said chambers.

lli.. In a fercei'eed iubricating system for a circuit of machine parte, a main lubricant reserveir, a piurai pump structure mounteci within the reservoir' alici having a first chamber formed therein te receive iucricant frein said circuit and return it tn said-reser- Voir and' a second chamber formed therein to receive lubricant ire'm seid reservoir anci ranslate iti@ said circui, and means operable m each of sani chambers to control the designated movements of said lubricant. Y 15. in e force-feed iu'crictmg system iol' a circiut of machine paris, a mein lubricantreservoir, a piurai pump structure mountei .Wihin the reservoir, said pump etruure having 'a return chamber and a 'jreeding chamber formed here-in1 ciupier; means in ine-sh in the return chamber for drawing iubricant thereinte from saisi circuit, andl single means Within said "feeding chamber to draw lubricant therein-eo frein rile. reservoir.

le. in a orceeed iubricaiing System for a circuit ci maciiine parte, e main iubrican reservicir, a plurai pump siructure mcunied within iie reservoir5 afreturn' cheminer and e feeding chamber formed Withiniiie pump structure, duplex means in mesh in the re turn chamber for drawing iubricant hereinte from said circui'-, means Within said "feeding chamber te draw iilbricant thereinicirom the reservcir, and means located within the chambers for driving said means. 17. in a force eeii lubricating sysem for a circuit or' machine parte, a mein lubricant reservoir, a drip pan ceiiecting lubricant. the circuit, a piurai pump' structure haring e chamber and a feeding chamber separateiy formed therein, a condui cennecting seid eeding chamber with said cireriiis, cemiiiiis aanneming seid pan with Said, remi .eiiarnkaery eepere con issuing from AVLBLE COPY duits between respective chambers adthe reservoir, and means located within each chamber for forcing the lubricant.

1S. In a force-feed lubricating system yforA a circuit ot' machine parts, a main lubricant reservoir. a drip pan collecting lubricant issuing from the circuit,`a plural pump c 'a circuit of machine parts, a main lubricant Aafs reservoir, a drippan serving as one terminal for said circuit. a plural' pump structure located within the reservoir and having a return chamber and a feeding chamber separately t'ormed therein, means leading from said feeding chamber Ito'the eircuit,' means leading' from said pan to said return cham'- ber, and separate means for establishin conmuinicA `.on between said reservoir an said return chamber.

20. In a .force-feed lubricating system for 'a' circuit of machine parts, a lubricant reservoira plural pump inr the reservoir including a bottom casting, a top plate anda web conneeting'said plate and casting, the casting in turn being' rol vided with chambers,- one of said cham ers being doubly connected With'the exit portion otsaid circuit and the other of said chambers beiney connected to the inlet portion of said circuit, and means rotatably mounted in each of the chambers for 'controlling'tbe flow of the lubricant between the Y.

reservoir and the circuit.

21. In a force-feed lubricating system for :1 circuit of machine partsa main lubricant reservoir, a plural pump structure located within` the reservoir ,and having a return chamber and a feeding chamber formed therein, means directing the lubricant to said return chamber from said' circuit and leading from said return cha'niber into said reservoir, means entering said .feeding chamber from said reservoir and leading therefrom to said circuit, and means operating as an entiret and located partially within each chamber or directing the flow of lubricant from the reservoir through the pump, through the circuit,`throngh the pump structllie and vto the reservoir as indicated.

22. 'In a force-feed lubricating system for a circuit of machine parts` a lubricant resi-.n Voir, a plural pump "trnctlmrlocatcd within the reservoir including a bottoni casting. a top plate and a web connecting said plate and casting, the casting in turn heilig pra vided with chambers, one of said charnbers being doubly connected with the exit portion of said circuit,` the other of said chambers being connected to the inlet a circuit of machine parts, a lubricant re structure located with.

lltf" tion ot said circuit. means rotatably mounted m each of the chambers torron- ,trolling the flow -ot' the lubricant between "the reservoir andtbefcircuit, anilla tiltclwnc' element housing'the pump to separate f chambers from each other and said rese 23; In a forcet'eed lubricating system z \'oir, a drip pan mounted above the reservo r to receive the lubricant zescaliinc; tron tl L,

lnbri-atcd parts; a plural pump structi. removably vmounted in the reservoir, Y pump structure including a duplex set .-t return gears. a singular set or" `feed gears. a pluralityY of discharge conduits for conducting-thc lubricant from the return gears backinto the reservoir, complementai con` duits leading from botikjterininals of the drip pan to the return Qars, and means for actuating there-turn and feed gears,' said means being detachable with res}' ect thereto.

24. In a force-feed lubricating systenv La a circuit. of machine parts, a main lubricanz'" reservoir, -a plural pump structure disposed within the reservoir, said pump being provided with a duplex series of return gear-1 anda single set. of feeding gears, independent conduits connecting the epemtinsi space for the ret-urn ,f fear with botlit-he fcre and 'aft portions of the vdrip pan, a yfeed conduit. leading from the operating space for thefeedgears of the pump structure te the circuit, a jack shait adapted lto be driven from a suitable source of power, and `a coupling member whereby thereturn and feed gears ot' the connected to the thereby. y l i '25. In a force-feed lubricating system, the combination with aci-ank case of ar pump detachably received within the crank"`c`ase, conduits leading to the pump and means formed upon the crank case. to receive the ends ot' the conduits. said means being in removable communication with said pump.

2(. ln a force-feed lubricating system, the combination with a crank case of a rump detachably.received within th`e cran case; a base-pitite to fasten the pump upon -said cranla lease. conduits leading tothe pump and a boss formed on the crank 'case to accommodate the ends of said conduits, said boss being in communication'with said pump tlmmgh said base plate.

jack-shaft for actuation combination with a erankcst a pump detachably received within theV crank case. conduits arranged interiorly cf the crank case and leading: to the pump. a base plate formed upon the. pump to engage the craul: case extcriorly. and a boss formed integrally upon the crank casing to support ,the ends ci' said conduits and to'establish communication therebetween and said base plate.

pump may be detac-hably '1E-i, ln a forcefecd lnbigicating system. the y les lim

between and the said first conduits through.

.i 28. In a orceffeed lubricating system, the

combination with a crank case of a pump, aV

base plate forv said pump exteriorly engage inovably hereiin conduits carried by said base plate in com'n'iu'nication.with said pump porting the ends' oic said second conduits and apertured to establish communication therebase plate openings of' the latter.

29. In a force-feed lubricating system forN a circuit of machine parts,a pump,means to supply oil draining from the machineparts to the pump .without commii'igling such drained oil with the oil in the reservoir, ascreen inclosiii the pump, a means to expel the oil from t Ae pump to a. point Without the screen and tothe interior of. the reseryoir, andmeans inclosed by the screen tov pump the oil contained in the reservoir through the screen and thereafter again to the machine arts'. j

` jln a roe-feed .lubricant system for a circuit of Amachine"parts, a main lubricant reservoir, a plural pump structure for circulating the lubricant comprising a base casting' and a base plate designed to forni with said casting, a receiving chamber7 and means'located in' saidl receiving chamber to supply oil thereto from said reservoir and to thereafterforcibly feed the oil to such, parts' of the machine as require lubrication.

. 31. ln aforce-'eed llubricant system for a circuit` of machine parts, a main lubricant reservoir, a' pump casing including a base .casting and an underlying base plate of a construction forming with said casting, a receiying chamber, means 'to detaohably se cure theha'se plate to the reservoir whereby to effect al support for the pump casiiig,'and a pump mechanism located in said casing to forcibly feed oil from the reservoir to tli'e machine parts requiring lubrication? f 32, A lubricating 'syseeinl orinternal combustion enginesk including"al lubricant l reservoir located interiorly of 'tliecranlr case of the engine, an iniperforate drip pan interposed between'themoving parts of the e'nf reservoir to .catch the f`ubrirfrom said parts, means for the -lubricant draining; onto gine andsaid cant draining forcibly feeding the'drip pan to'said reservoir regardless of the'angle of inclination of said engine, and

means to forcibly' feed the lubricant again to such of the engine parts as require lubrication 38. In a system for lubricating an aeronautical inotor, a container into which the.

lubricant draining from the machine parte is directed`7 a reservoir belowsaid container,

and a means of communication between the container and the reservoir o? a construction ing said crank case to support the pump re'V 'permittting uninterrupted flow of thelubriu cant from the container to the reservoir iyithoiit perniittingof a back flow under an circumstances'. 1

34.l A lubricating system' for laeronautical motorseoniprising a drainage reservoir disposed below-the lmotor and adapted,-to receive oil, drained "from the various parts of the motor, a supply reservoir disposed immediately below said drainage reservoir from which lubricant is adapted to be de' livered to the motor parte, a single communica ting duct disposed between either end of' 'supply reservoir disposed immediately be low said drainage reservoir from which oil is adapt-ed to be delivered to the motor parts, supply ducts leading from either ernd of said drainage reservoir to said supply reservoir whichFV ducts form the only meansof com ,niunication between the reservoirs, and a force pump located inthe communicating ducts for scavenging the oil from the drainage reservoir regardless ofthe dying position of the motor:`

36. A lubricating system for aeronautical motors comprising a drainage reservoir extendin longitudinali of the motor and `-arranged therebelow to receive the oil drip ping fromtlie various motor parts, a supply reservoir `immediately below the drainage reservoir which is adapted to retain i lubricating'oil, a pair olcommunicating ducts disposed between the. supply reservoir and the ends of said drainage reservoir, said ducts forming .the sole means of communication between said reseri'oirsand a force pump located in the communicating ducts for returning the lused oil from eitlicil end of the'draina e reservoir to the supply reservoirregardiess of the dying position of the motor.

3'?. A lubricating system for aeronautical motors comprising a drainage reservoir disposed belonand longitudinally of the,

motor; said reservoir having a single opening at either end thereof, a supply reservoir arranged immediately below said drainage,

reservoir from which oil is adapted to be liveied to the motorparts and means operable to withdraw the lubricant from said vdrainage reservoir and deliver the same to said supplyme'servoir via at least one of said openings regardless of thev dying position of the motor.

38,' A lubricating system for.aeroiiaut13jl -cal' motors comprising a drainagereservoir and having a' single outlet opening at either end thereof,

disposed below -the motor low tion with vsaid drainage reservoir solely through sai 'outlet openings, and a pump operating to withdraw lubricant'fr'om'said' drainage reservoir via at least oneY of said openings regardless of the flying position of i the aeroplane with reference to the horizontal. n

39. A lubricating system for aeronautical l, motors comprising a drainage'reservoir disposed 'below and extending longitudinally of the motor, a supply reservoir disposed immediately below the said drainage reservoir from which oil is yadapted to bedlivered to the motor parts, aslngle communicating duct disposed 'between either end of the drainage reservoir and the supply reservoir, and means operating upon said communicating ducts for .forcing lubricant from the drainage lreservoir to the supply reservoir regardless of the angle of inclination of the motor.

40. A lubricating system foraeronautioal 1 motors comprising a drainage reservoir disposd belov.` the motor andallanged. t0 receive oil draining-.from the Various motor parts, a Supply reservoir disposed immediately below the 'drainage reservoir from which oil is adapted to be delivered to the motor parts. a communicating duf-t Ecading from either end of said drainage reservoir to said vsupply reservoir, said ducts being thesole means ot communication between said reservoirs, and means for continnous'ly withdrawing the used lubricant from the yends of saidlrainage reservoir through' said communicatingducts and-supplying-thc same to said supply reservoir and preventing the return of the lubricant from the supply reservoir to the drainage reservoir.- i

41. In an aeronautical motor, in combination, a crank casing; a partition immediately below the crank shaft which forms `thereabovc a drainage reservoir, the crank casing being depressed or enlarged to form a supply reservoir in the lower part thereof immediately below said partition, said drainage compartment having a single opening at either end thereof in communication with .the lower compartment, means operating continuously to withdraw the used lubricant from the drainage compartment through 6o\q oid openings downwardly into said supply reservoir, and means including a torce pump and a supply conduit for delivering oil from the supply reservoir to the motor parts to be lubricated.

42. In an aeronautical motor, in comb-ipai and lower compartments,

'tidn,"'a, crank casing having formed in thev lower part thereof a supply reservoir, an imperforat'e drip pan interposed between the moving-parts ofthe engine and said sup'- ply reservoir to `catch the lubricant draining rom sal'dpartsg a communicating duct. disposed between either end ofthe compart- 'ment above said drip, pan and the lower 'supply reservoir, said ducts forming the sole 'means of communication between the upper means for forcibly feeding the lubricant from said drip pan downwardly through said ducts' to said s'upclinationJ ofthe motor, and means for forcibly feeding the lubricant'to suchof the lmotor' parts as require lubrication.

reservoir regardless of the angle of in- 43.2In an aeronautical motor, the'combii' nation, a crank casing having formed-inthe lower part thereof a supply reservoir, animperforate drip pan interposed between the movlng parts of the motor and said reservoir to catch the lubricant draining from saidlhp'arts, a compartment at either end of said drip pan foi receiving the used lubricant, a pair of sup ly-ducts'lcading from saidicompartments ownwardly to' said supply 'reservoir, said'` ducts forming the sole means of-communication between the `compartments and said Areservoir, means for forcibly feeding the lubricant downwardly from said compartments into said reservoir regardless of the angle of inclination ot' said motor, and means lincluding a force pum and a supply conduitt'or delivering lubrii cantto such of the engine parts as require lubrication,

44. In an internal combustion engine, a crank case comprising in the lower part thereof a lubricant supply( reservoir, l"said reservoir having in the lower side thereof .an opening, a; pump structure mounted within said Yopeni'r'lgand projecting into said reservoir forhs'upplying the engine pars with lubricant, said pump structure being detachably and removably fixed within said opening.

a5. In an internal' combustion engine, a crank case comprising a lubricant reservoir in the lower part thereof, said reservoir'ha'ving formed inithe bottom thereof an opening, a unitarypump" structure adapted to be inserted upwardly through said opening into said reservoir, and means for detach-v ably securing l:said .pump structure Within said opening. Y

46. In` an aeronautical motor, in combi?- nation, a drainage reservoir disposed below the moving-parts of the motor, a supply reservoir from whichlubricant is adapte to be delivered ,to the motor parts, a plura` pump structure. mounted upon the bottom of said supplyv reservoir, said pump structure having in' the lower part thereof a receiving chamber in communication with :a supply chamber communie ing with sq :'Peml wugh 'ieing screen and n communcnng with the moving motor gh :l supy Conduit, said pump and scr-een being detachaby an Opening' formed on the botpy erwin @mul mmbufslon engine, a ed in le lower iesexoz, an imper- .f-xd between the mov- @has and :amid supply tha ubrczxnt draining: a cmnmuncatjngf duct dis pusy; between hf.: compatment above said @i-ip pim. and the Suppy eservor, and :xmms wtln said [met permitting the ow if s mirc-m `the compmtinem above ih@ drip pan, w h@ asevoz but pevganta ECW in np reve fl direction. for the.

pump

from Suid .said supply a :sgpp'y fondu mofor. menus for feeding hzbrcunt from H1@ rcservm t() the moving parts of he mmm: a pmtltmn 1nerpusedwnmth smd and leservor im? asf: Qomrmnictng part through a supra?? condi@ 43. n im am tion, a ih 

